Sunday, February 9, 2014

Wollstonecraft at Penn State

I want to comment on A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, specifically chapter VI. It struck a chord because I felt as though I were reading a commentary on the undergraduate community at Penn State. I’m no super-feminist—I someday want to raise kids, and I make sandwiches on a daily basis—but the problem Wollstonecraft addresses is real, and I see it every weekend.
This chapter is titled, “The Effect Which an Early Association of Ideas has Upon the Character,” and, while fairly self-explanatory in nature, the title fittingly implies an entire ongoing phenomenon.
According to Wollstonecraft’s argument, people absorb ideas presented to them with little power to sift and filter some out. “When the ideas, or matters of fact, are once taken in, they lie by for use, till some fortuitous circumstance makes the information dart into the mind with illustrative force… one idea assimilating and explaining another, with astonishing rapidity” (pg. 145)[1]. This rapid association highly influences our character; whatever notions we store in our minds will affect the way in which we interpret and interact with the world around us. Here lies the basis of Wollstonecraft’s plea in this chapter: with only a limited amount of knowledge, our association can only have one perspective, and no other thought may combat a perhaps very false idea. If women are not educated (as are men), they lack this ability, and are forever caught in the web of first-learned, one-sided ideas. They live only for the simple goals presented to them: “the education they receive [is] that their ‘highest praise is to obey unguarded’ the will of man” (pg. 146).  Is it any wonder that they act like they do, completely dependent on affirmation from men as the source of their value? They should be pitied, not blamed, for the narrow prison of associative thought, which forbids them to act any otherwise.  
Wollstonecraft spends much of the chapter describing what, exactly, women’s actions look like when dependent on the single-ingrained idea of pleasing men, and this is where I found parallels to today. Obviously this concept is not applicable to all women on Penn State campus. However, bear with me as I pull out some quotes, and then apply them to our modern world:

1.)                   “This cruel association of ideas…receives new force when they begin to act a little for themselves; for they then perceive that it is only through their address to excite emotions in men, that pleasure and power are to be obtained” (pg. 146). I’ve seen it a hundred times: a girl walks into a party shy, and perhaps a bit self-conscious—until she starts talking with a guy. Then, all the stops come out, flirting becomes as tangible as the smoke in the air, and this girl is suddenly the animated, open, engaging, charmer. She has learned an invaluable secret: when she caters to a guy, he responds. The attention and value felt from that—even temporarily—is enough to draw literally millions of women throughout history.

2.)                   “Why should they be bitterly censured for seeking a congenial mind, and preferring a rake[2] to a man of sense? Rakes know how to work on their sensibility, whilst the modest merit of a reasonable man has, of course, less effect on their feelings…Their thirsty ears drink the insinuating nothingness of politeness, whilst they turn from the unintelligible sounds of the harmer—reason, charm he never so wisely” (pg. 146-147). If the concept from quote 1 holds true, this second idea makes perfect sense. The “pleasure and power” obtained from the attention of men is an “effect on their feelings.” When women crave these feelings, naturally they will flock to whomever is currently providing them—if that happens to be a man with less-than-chivalric motives, so be it; the instant gratification of a feeling overrides the deferred payoff of an averted mistake. At Penn State, party hookups, walks of shame, and morning regrets are proof of this point.[3]


3.)                   “Men…have too much occupied the thoughts of women; and this association has so entangled love with all their motives of action; and…having been solely employed either to prepare themselves to excite love, or actually putting their lessons in practice, they cannot live without love… They want a lover and protector; and behold him kneeling before them—bravery prostrate to beauty! The virtues of a husband are thus thrown into the background, and gay hopes, or lively emotions, banish reflection till the day of reckoning comes” (pg. 149). Wollstonecraft critiques that women have no other influence besides the myth of a sweeping, perfect love story, and are therefore slaves to its ideal. Thinking it truly possible, they believe wholeheartedly in any misleading guise, and sacrifice the standard of integrity for the charm of a whirling romance. Wollstonecraft is describing nothing less than the twenty-first century “rom-com” indoctrination. While in recent times other perspectives have provided some balance, this ideal for a perfect love story is unarguably still widely promoted as fact. From the time the average girl is old enough to say “Sweet Home Alabama,” she’s watching that movie and imaging that some random neighbor will grow into her perfect husband. With these dreams embedded into her from an early age, the first two quotes (talking about the need for a fulfilled feeling, and a willing sacrifice to obtain it) make even more sense.

Wollstonecraft insists that it is the lack of education that stunts the woman’s ability to overcome a desire for men’s affection. Education “supplies the man of genius with knowledge to give variety and contrast to his associations” (pg. 145). Without education, women lack this variety in contrast to narrow associations, and therefore have no choice but to live in naïve slavery to their tyranny.  Conversely, formal education for women would provide balance, and eradicate the disillusioned dominance of male-dependent associations. No doubt this education was much needed in the late eighteenth century; but we are now in the twenty-first century, and although cultural propaganda still advertises the concepts Wollstonecraft describes, we’re at an institution existing solely for the purpose of instilling education. Yet still the problem persists. Why is this—if education is sufficient to entirely solve the issue? The problem must run through more than simple ignorance. Something else must exist to connect the pattern of behavior from women in 1792 to that of women in 2014. Time and culture are so drastically different that I’m inclined to think this connection point is not completely a matter of setting. Rather, it must, on some level, be an internal characteristic of nature. All people long to feel the “pleasure and power” that comes from the acceptance of another person; perhaps this quality surfaces most in women because of their exploitation through history and culture, or perhaps it is inherently stronger in women, I don’t know. But either way, I think it undeniable that as a whole, Wollstonecraft hit on a real issue that still persists—especially visible at a place like Penn State.



[1] Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
[2] Used to refer to a man of immoral character
[3] Disclaimer:  I don’t think this is an all-encompassing concept, and I’m not propagating that every one-night stand is a male chauvinist’s exploitation of a woman’s need for love and affection. Every case is individual in its own right. Besides, only speaking from the perspective of a woman, I do not feel at liberty to assign motives to what men do. However, I have played the counselor many times, and from a retrospective viewpoint, women desire these affairs much more often than not for the exact reason which Wollstonecraft describes: vied-for attention, which temporarily satisfies security and value.

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